Description

Biomarker Analytes:

MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-7, MMP-8, MMP-9, MMP-10, MMP-12. MMP-13, TIMP-1, TIMP-2, TIMP-3, TIMP-4

Biomarker Research Areas:

Tissue morphogenesis, cell migration, would healing, bone remodelling, angiogenesis, arthritis and tumor metastasis

Multiplex Assay Overview: The assay service provided by Eve Technologies on their Human MMP & TIMP 13-Plex facilitates research on tissue morphogenesis, cell migration, would healing, bone remodelling, angiogenesis, arthritis and tumor metastasis. This Discovery Assay® measures thirteen MMP & TIMP biomarkers simultaneously in a single microwell: MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP 3, MMP-7, MMP-8, MMP-9, MMP-10, MMP-12. MMP-13, TIMP-1, TIMP-2, TIMP-3, TIMP-4. The assay is designed for protein analysis in serum or plasma, cell cultures, tissue homogenates, urine, saliva and others..

Background Information:

The matrix metalloproteinases consist of 24 known human zinc proteases with essential roles in breaking down components of the extracellular matrix (ECM). In addition to ECM proteins, other potential MMP substrates include cytokines, chemokines , growth factors and binding proteins, cell/cell adhesion molecules, and other proteinases. Synthesized as pro-enzymes, most are secreted before conversion to their active forms. In general, the activation mechanism is thought to occur in a stepwise fashion involving disruption of the interaction between the catalytic site zinc and a cysteine-thiol group in the pro- peptide domain. This is followed by cleavage of the pro-peptide. Activation can be mediated by several serine proteases, MMPs, or potentially via NO-mediated S-nitrosylation of the pro-peptide cysteine- thiol group. In some cases, activation can take place intracellularly via a furin-like serine protease. MMPs are expressed by many cell types and can be upregulated in response to adhesion molecules, growth factors, cytokines, and hormones. They have been implicated in several physiological processes including tissue morphogenesis, cell migration, wound healing, bone remodeling, and angiogenesis. MMP activities are

modulated on several levels including transcription, pro-enzyme activation, or by their endogenous inhibitors, tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs). Imbalances in MMP regulation have been implicated in several pathological processes

TIMPs are small, secreted proteins that are involved in regulating MMPs during tissue remodeling by both inhibition of active MMPs and by activation of pro-MMPs . TIMPs inhibit MMPs by forming non-covalent complexes with MMPs, thereby blocking access of substrates to the MMP catalytic site. TIMPs are highly specific for MMPs in general but not for any particular MMP. While TIMPs share basic structural characteristics, they do have distinct biochemical features, expression patterns, and in vivo effects on cell growth, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and tumorigenesis. Many physiological functions of TIMPs are closely tied to the functions of MMPs, and an improper balance of MMP and TIMP production correlates with pathological conditions such as arthritis, cardiovascular disorders, tumor growth and metastasis. Expression levels of TIMPs may be valuable markers for carcinogenesis as expression is regulated in several cancer types and in some cases, correlates with stages of tumor malignancy or survival. In addition, TIMPs have activity that appears to be functionally distinct from MMP inhibitory activity.

Intended Sample Type:

Human serum or plasma (EDTA recommended), cell cultures, tissue homogenates, urine, saliva and others. Due to a wide range of sample conditions, a pilot run is recommended for cell cultures, tissue homogenates, and other sample types not listed.

Special Sample Preparation:

ALL samples must be centrifuged prior to aliquoting. The aliquot should be drawn from the middle of the sample volume. Samples that have a high amount of contaminants, cellular debris, lipids, or coagulation can result in a volume loss as volume is being displaced by this debris and they can clog the filters. Highly turbid or coagulated samples that clog the filters will be partially filtered by piercing the clogged membrane.

Usage Statement:

Unless otherwise stated our products and services are intended for research use only.

Detection Method:

Multiplex Immunoassay analyzed with a BioPlex 200

MMP, TIMP Array Assay Kit Source:

R&D Systems Human